R

Raccoon, virtual base class, 812

raise exception, see throw

rand function, drawbacks, 745

random header, 745

random IO, 765

machine-dependent, 763

program, 766

random-access iterator, 412, 418

random-number library, 745

compared to rand function, 745

distribution types, 745, 770

engine, 745, 770

default_random_engine, 745

max, min, 747

retain state, 747

seed, 748, 770

generator, 746, 770

range, 747

random_shuffle, 878

range for statement, 91, 132, 187, 187–189, 200

can’t add elements, 101, 188

multidimensional array, 128

not with dynamic array, 477

range_error, 197

rbegin, container, 333, 407

rdstate, stream, 313

read

istream, 763

Sales_data, 261

reallocate, StrVec, 530

move iterator version, 543

recursion loop, 228, 252, 608

recursive function, 227, 252

variadic template, 701

ref, binds reference parameter, 400, 418

refactoring, 611, 650

reference, 50, 79

see also lvalue reference

see also rvalue reference

auto deduces referred to type, 69

collapsing rule, 688

forward, 694

lvalue arguments, 688

move, 691

rvalue reference parameters, 693

const, see reference to const

conversion

not from const, 61

to reference to const, 162

data member, initialization, 289

declaration style, 57

decltype yields reference type, 71

definition, 51

derived-to-base conversion, 597

under multiple inheritance, 805

dynamic_cast operator, 826

initialization, 51

member function, 546

parameter, 210–214

bind, 400

limitations, 214

template argument deduction, 687–689

remove_reference, 684

return type, 224

assignment operator, 500

is lvalue, 226

return value, local variable, 225

to array parameter, 217

reference, container, 333

reference count, 452, 491, 514, 550

copy assignment, 514

copy constructor, 514

design, 514

destructor, 514

HasPtr class, 514–516

reference to const, 61, 80

argument, 211

initialization, 61

parameter, 211, 213

overloaded, 232, 246

return type, 226

regex, 728, 770

error_type, 732

header, 728

regex_error, 732, 770

syntax_option_type, 730

regex_constants, 743

match_flag_type, 743

regex_error, 732, 770

regex_match, 729, 770

regex_replace, 742, 770

format flags, 744

format string, 742

regex_search, 729, 730, 770

regular expression library, 728, 770

case sensitive, 730

compiled at run time, 732

ECMAScript, 730

file extension program, 730

i before e program, 729

version 2, 734

match data, 735–737

pattern, 729

phone number, valid, 740

phone number pattern, 739

phone number program, 738

phone number reformat, program, 742

regex iterators, 734

search functions, 729

smatch, provides context for a match, 735

subexpression, 738

file extension program version 2, 738

types, 733

valid, program, 740

reinterpret_cast, 163, 164

machine-dependent, 164

relational operators, 141, 143

arithmetic conversion, 144

container adaptor, 370

container member, 340

function object, 574

iterator, 111

overloaded operator, 562

pointer, 120, 123

Sales_data, 563

string, 88

tuple, 720

vector, 102

release, unique_ptr, 470

remove, 878

list and forward_list, 415

remove_copy, 878

remove_copy_if, 878

remove_from_Folders, Message, 523

remove_if, 878

list and forward_list, 415

remove_pointer, 685

remove_reference, 684

move, 691

rend, container, 333, 407

replace, 383, 875

string, 362

replace_copy, 383, 874

replace_copy_if, 874

replace_if, 875

reserve

string, 356

vector, 356

reserved identifiers, 46

reset

bitset, 727

shared_ptr, 466

unique_ptr, 470

reset program

pointer parameters, 209

reference parameters, 210

resize

invalidates iterator, 352

sequential container, 352

value initialization, 352

restricted word_count program, 422

result, 134, 169

* (dereference), lvalue, 135

[] (subscript), lvalue, 135

, (comma operator), lvalue, 158

?: (conditional operator), lvalue, 151

cast, lvalue, 163

rethrow, 776

exception object, 777

throw, 776, 818

return statement, 222, 222–228

from main, 227

implicit return from main, 223

local variable, 224, 225

return type, 2, 27, 202, 204, 252

array, 204

array using decltype, 230

function, 204

function pointer, 249

using decltype, 250

linkage directive, 859

main, 2

member function, 283

nonreference, 224

copy initialized, 498

pointer, 204

pointer to function, 204

reference, 224

reference to const, 226

reference yields lvalue, 226

trailing, 229, 252, 396, 684

virtual function, 606

void, 223

return value

conversion, 223

copy initialized, 498

initialization, 224

list initialization, 226, 427, 527

local variable, pointer, 225

main, 2–4, 227

pair, 427, 527

reference, local variable, 225

*this, 260, 275

tuple, 721

type checking, 223

unique_ptr, 471

reverse, 878

list and forward_list, 415

reverse iterator, 401, 407–409, 418

++ (increment), 407

-- (decrement), 407, 408

base, 409

compared to iterator, 409

reverse_copy, 414, 878

reverse_copy_if, 414

reverse_iterator

compared to iterator, 408

container, 332, 407

rfind, string, 366

right, manipulator, 758

rotate, 878

rotate_copy, 878

rule of three/five, 505, 541

virtual destructor exception, 622

run-time type identification, 825–831, 864

compared to virtual functions, 829

dynamic_cast, 825, 825

bad_cast, 826

to poiner, 825

to reference, 826

type-sensitive equality, 829

typeid, 826, 827

returns type_info, 827

runtime binding, 594, 650

runtime_error, 194, 197

initialization from string, 196

rvalue, 135, 169

copy initialization, uses move constructor, 539

result

++ (increment) postfix, 148

-- (decrement) postfix, 148

function nonreference return type, 224

rvalue reference, 532, 550

cast from lvalue, 691

collapsing rule, 688

compared to lvalue reference, 533

function matching, 539

initialization, 532

member function, 546

overloaded, 547

move, 533

parameter

forwarding, 693, 705

member function, 544

preserves argument type information, 693

template argument deduction, 687

variable, 533